Parts of Computers:
• CPU
• Mouse
• Keyboard
• Monitor
• Hard Disk
• CD/DVD Drive
• Floppy Disk Driver
Computer Organization:
Input Devices – Access the data
Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Process the data
Output Devices- Produces the result
Storage Devices (RAM) – Stores the result
Input Device: An input device is anything that puts information inside a computer.
Examples:
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Joystick
• Light pen
• Track Ball
• Scanner
• Graphic Tablet
• Microphone
• Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)
• Optical Character Reader (OCR)
• Bar Code Reader
• Optical Mark Reader
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit):-
An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit used to
perform arithmetic and logic
operations.
It represents the fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU)
of a computer.
Modern CPUs contain very powerful and complex ALUs. In addition
to ALUs, modern CPUs
contain a control unit (CU). Most of the operations of a
CPU are performed by one or more
ALUs, which load data from input registers. A
register is a small amount of storage available as
part of a CPU. The control unit
tells the ALU what operation to perform on that data and the
ALU stores the
result in an output register. The control unit moves the data between these
registers, the ALU, and memory.
CPU (Central Processing Unit):-
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is referred to as the central brain of the
computer. It is the
main component which carries out all the logical and
arithmetic operations in the PC, which
allows the user to perform calculations,
play games, type documents, etc. However, some people
still confuse the CPU
unit with the external case and chassis of the computer, and in many cases
when
a non-technical person refers to the “CPU” of their computer it is a good idea
to double
check that they’re not actually talking about the external chassis of
the PC.
RAM:-
Random-access memory (RAM ) is a form of computer data
storage. A random-access memory
device allows data items to be accessed (read
or written) in almost the same amount of time
irrespective of the physical
location of data inside the memory. In contrast, with other direct
access data
storage media such as hard disks, CD-RWs, DVD-RWs and the older drum memory,
the
time required to read and write data items varies significantly depending on
their physical
locations on the recording medium, due to mechanical limitations
such as media rotation speeds
and arm movement delays.
ROM:-
ROM is "built-in" computer memory containing data
that normally can only be read, not written
to ROM contains the programming that allows your computer to be "booted up" or regenerated
each time you turn it on. Unlike a computer's random access memory (RAM), the data in ROM is
not lost when the computer power is turned off. The ROM is sustained by a small long-life
battery in your computer. If you ever do the hardware setup procedure with your computer, you
effectively will be writing to ROM.
to ROM contains the programming that allows your computer to be "booted up" or regenerated
each time you turn it on. Unlike a computer's random access memory (RAM), the data in ROM is
not lost when the computer power is turned off. The ROM is sustained by a small long-life
battery in your computer. If you ever do the hardware setup procedure with your computer, you
effectively will be writing to ROM.
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